IP version 4 is a 32 bit addressing system. The 32 bits are
divided as 4 octets of 8 bits each. In IPv4 the IP address is categorized as Class
A, Class B, Class C, Class D, and Class E.
Class A, Class B, and Class C addresses are used on IP
networks as host IP address. Class D, Class E addresses are not be used as host
IP address on the network. Class D is used for multicasting whereas class E is
used for limited broadcasting.
Class A, Class B, Class C for host IP
Class D for Multicast
Class E
IP Address Class D
for Multicast
Multicast addressing is
a technique which define a group of nodes and sending IP message to that
group alone.It uses the link only once for message delivery.It use the class D
addressing system.The 32 bit indicate a group name. It uses IGMP (Internet
Group Management Protocol).
IP Address Class E
In the IPv4 standard Class E addresses as reserved, that
is they are not used as host ip address
on IP networks.The IP addresses range
from 255.0.0.0 through 255.255.255.255
are reserved and is not considered for the normal Class E range.
The IP broadcast to 255.255.255.255
deliver IP message to all node on the local network(LAN), that is this
broadcast is limited with in the local network as the packet does not reach all
node on the Internet
IP Loopback Address 127.0.0.1
127.0.0.1 is the loopback address in IP.
127.0.0.1
To test self connectivity
PING 127.0.0.1
Loop back packets are not visible on the network
Messages sent to 127.0.0.1 do not appear in the network. The
network adpter loopback(send back) all messages to the sending application.
That is it is used when a program access a network service running on the same
computer itself.That is loopback address is used to test the self connectivity.
Example: PING 127.0.0.1
A successful ping request to 127.0.0.1 verify that a
computer's network interface card, it's drivers, and the operating system's
TCP/IP implementation are operating perfectly.
IP address range from 127.0.0.0 through 127.255.255.255 are
reserved for loopback purposes. This range of IP address cannot be assigned as
host ip address on a network.
Modern operating systems implement TCP/IP
consider "localhost" as equivalent to
127.0.0.1
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